Regulations
Technical Interpretation of QTG Tests
(FAA-Oriented – Flight Simulation Training Devices)
1. Purpose of the QTG under FAA Regulations
Under FAA 14 CFR Part 60, the Qualification Test Guide (QTG) is the primary document used to demonstrate that a Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD) accurately replicates the performance, handling qualities, systems behavior, and flight dynamics of the referenced aircraft.
The QTG provides objective and subjective evidence that the simulator complies with FAA requirements as described in:
14 CFR Part 60
FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 120-40
Applicable Master Qualification Test Guide (MQTG) standards
A proper interpretation of QTG results ensures that the simulator is suitable for approved training, checking, and currency credit.
2. Identification of the QTG Test
Each QTG test must first be reviewed for correct identification, including:
QTG test number or reference
Test title (e.g., Longitudinal Static Stability)
Test classification:
Objective Test (quantitative, with reference data)
Subjective Test (qualitative pilot evaluation)
FSTD qualification level (FTD or FFS Level A–D)
Initial test conditions, including:
Aircraft weight and center of gravity
Aircraft configuration (flaps, landing gear, thrust)
Atmospheric conditions (ISA or non-ISA)
Systems configuration and modes
Interpretation:
The evaluator must verify that the test conditions exactly match those defined in the approved QTG and that the test is applicable to the simulator’s qualification level.
3. Reference (Validation) Data
FAA-accepted reference data represent the baseline against which simulator performance is evaluated. Acceptable sources include:
Flight Test Data (preferred and highest fidelity)
Aircraft Manufacturer Data (AFM, FCOM, engineering data)
Analytical or modeled data, when specifically approved by the FAA
Reference data are typically presented as:
Graphical plots
Tabulated numerical values
Tolerance bands or envelopes
Interpretation:
The evaluator must confirm:
The source and traceability of the reference data
That the flight regime matches the simulator test
That any FAA-approved tolerances are clearly defined
4. Simulator Response Data
Simulator data reflect the response of the FSTD when operated under the same test conditions as the reference data.
These data are commonly displayed as:
Overlaid plots comparing simulator and aircraft data
Time-history traces
Numerical result tables
Interpretation:
Evaluation is not limited to final values. Equal emphasis must be placed on:
Trend and curve shape
Response rate and time delay
Damping characteristics
Overall dynamic behavior
The simulator should replicate not only the outcome, but also the manner in which the aircraft responds.
5. Comparison Criteria and Tolerances
Compliance is determined by comparing simulator output to reference data using FAA-approved criteria, which may include:
Maximum allowable deviation
Percentage error limits
Time-to-response or settling time
Phase lag or response delay
Example criterion:
The simulator response must remain within ±10 percent of the reference data or within the FAA-approved tolerance band.
Interpretation:
Results within tolerance indicate compliance
Results outside tolerance require investigation, such as:
Flight model inaccuracies
Incorrect initial conditions
Software or hardware deficiencies
6. Test Results and Compliance Status
Each QTG test concludes with a documented status:
Pass / Acceptable
Fail / Not Acceptable
Pass with Comments
Supporting remarks may include:
Technical observations
Operational limitations
Corrective actions or follow-up requirements
Interpretation:
A Pass confirms FAA compliance
A Fail invalidates qualification credit until corrected
Comments may impose temporary operational restrictions
7. Operational Significance of Proper QTG Interpretation
Accurate interpretation of QTG results ensures that:
Pilot training reflects real-world aircraft behavior
Critical maneuvers (e.g., stalls, engine failures, flare) are valid
Evaluations and checking events are consistent and defensible
The FSTD maintains continued FAA qualification
Improper interpretation may lead to:
Negative FAA audit findings
Loss of training credit
Safety and standardization concerns
8. Technical Conclusion
Under FAA regulations, the QTG serves as the authoritative technical evidence that an FSTD meets the fidelity requirements of the aircraft it represents.
Interpreting QTG tests is not merely a numerical comparison, but a comprehensive assessment of aerodynamic, dynamic, and systems fidelity within FAA-approved tolerances.
The QTG is, in effect, the technical agreement of realism between the simulator, the sponsor, and the Federal Aviation Administration
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